Nk’igikoresho nyamukuru co gupima ingufu zikoreshwa mu mice y’amashanyarazi, imiterere y’igipimo c’amashanyarazi iragira ico ikoze ata guca ku ruhande ku bijanye n’ukuntu gipima neza, ku kwizigirwa, no ku rugero rw’ubwenge. Ivyuma bipima amashanyarazi vyo muri iki gihe mu bisanzwe birimwo ibice vyinshi bikorana kugira ngo bikusanyirize hamwe, bitunganye kandi birungike amakuru yerekeye inguvu. Iki kiganiro kizodondora ido n’ido imiterere y’ishimikiro n’ibihimba nyamukuru vy’igipimo c’umuyagankuba bivuye ku buryo bw’ubuhinga n’ubuhinga bw’ubuhinga bwa none.
Ubuhinga bw'Igipimo c'Umuyagankuba
Ivyuma bipima umuyagankuba bikoreshwa n’amaboko (nk’ibipimo vy’umuyagankuba) vyishingikiriza canecane ku ngingo ngenderwako y’umuyagankuba w’umuyagankuba kugira ngo bipime inguvu. Igishushanyo nyamukuru cavyo kirimwo ibi bikurikira:
1.Igikoresho co gutwara
Ico kintu gitwara gifise umurongo w’umuriro n’umurongo w’amashanyarazi. Igikoresho c’umuriro gifatanywa mu buryo buhuye n’umuzigo, mu gihe igikoresho c’ubu gifatanywa mu buryo bujanye n’umuzigo. Iyo izo nzira zibiri zihawe inguvu, zica zituma haba umuyagankuba uhinduka, uwo muyagankuba ukaba ukora ku gitereko c’aluminiyumu, kigatuma gizunguruka.
2.Ikintu gizunguruka
Ico kintu gizunguruka gifise ahanini igikoresho co guzunguruka c’aluminium be n’igikoresho co guzunguruka. Igikoresho c’umuyagankuba giterwa n’ikintu kijana umuduga kirazunguruka igikoresho co guhinduranya igikoresho c’aluminiyumu ku rugero rujanye n’inguvu zikoreshwa n’umuzigo.
3.Igikoresho co guhagarika
Ico gikoresho co guhagarika umuyagankuba kiratuma haba umuvuduko wo guhagarika umuvuduko mu buryo bunyuranye n’aho iyo nkuru izunguruka, ivyo bikaba bituma umuvuduko udahinduka, gutyo bigatuma umuntu ashobora gupima neza.
4. Guharura
Ico giharuro gifatanye n’igiti gizunguruka biciye ku nzira y’amaguru. Irandika igitigiri c’imirongo y’uruzitiro maze ikayihindura mu gukoresha inguvu (kenshi mu kilowatt-amasaha (kWh)).
Ivyo gupima bikoreshwa n’amaboko biroroshe kandi ntibizimvye, ariko birashikirwa n’ingorane nk’ukudashobora gukora neza be n’ukudashobora kuvugana n’abantu bari kure. Buhoro buhoro ziriko zirasubirizwa n’ibipimo vy’ubuhinga bwa none.
Imiterere y'ibipimo vy'ubuhinga bwa none
Ivyo bipimo vy’ubuhinga bwa none bikoresha ubuhinga bwa none be n’ubuhinga bwa microprocesseur, bikaba bituma umuntu ashobora gupima neza cane kandi akagira ubushobozi bwo gukora neza. Igishushanyo nyamukuru cavyo kirimwo:
1. Inguvu n'Inguvu
Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none bikorakoranya ibimenyetso vy’umuriro n’ivy’amashanyarazi bikoresheje ibigabanya canke ibihindura umuriro vy’ubuhinga bwa none maze bikabihindura bikaba ibimenyetso vy’amashanyarazi make-, amashanyarazi make-bibereye gukoreshwa.
2. Igihinduzi c'Ibara ry'Ibara (ADC)
Ivyo bimenyetso vy’urugero bihindurwa na ADC bikaba ibimenyetso vy’urugero kugira ngo microprocesseur ikomeze kubara ingufu zikoreshwa.
3. Igikoresho gito (MCU)
Microprocesseur ni "ubwonko" bw'igipimo c'ubuhinga bwa none, gishinzwe gukora amakuru, kubara inguvu, kubika, no kugenzura ivyerekana. Ishobora gukora imibare igoye cane nk’uko bikenewe, nk’ugukurikirana ubushobozi n’uguhinduka kw’umuriro.
4.Kwerekana igice
Ivyo bipimo vy’umuyagankuba vy’ubuhinga bwa none bikoresha cane cane ikigaragaza amazi (LCD) canke ikigaragaza amazi (LED) kugira ngo vyerekane amakuru nk’ingene umuyagankuba ukoreshwa, umuriro ukoreshwa n’umuriro. Amametero amwe amwe y'iherezo ry'inyuma-ashigikira n'umuco w'inyuma n'ibigaragaza imirongo myinshi-.
5.Igice c'itumanaho
Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none bifatanya ubuhinga bwo guhanahana amakuru nka RS-485, umurongo w’amashanyarazi (PLC), LoRa, na NB-IoT, bifasha gusoma ivyuma vy’amashanyarazi biri kure, kugenzura umuzigo, no gucunga umurongo w’amashanyarazi.
6.Igice c'ukwibuka
Ivyuma vy’ubuhinga bwa none vyubatse-mu bubiko butahinduka (nka EEPROM canke Flash) kugira ngo bibe ububiko bw’igihe kirekire bw’amakuru y’inguvu, inyandiko z’ibintu vyabaye, n’imirongo y’imiterere, kugira ngo amakuru ntatakare mu gihe amashanyarazi azimye.
7.Igikoresho co gutanga amashanyarazi
Ivyuma bipima umuyagankuba bikoreshwa n’ubuhinga bwa none bikoresha cane cane umuyagankuba w’inyongera (nk’umuyagankuba uhindura umuyagankuba canke umuyagankuba uhindura umuyagankuba). Hariho ibigereranyo bishobora gukura amashanyarazi ataco bimaze ku murongo w’ingero kugira ngo bishobore gukora neza mu gihe amashanyarazi azimye.
Ibirango vy'imiterere y'ubwoko budasanzwe bw'ibipimo vy'umuyagankuba
1.Ibipimo vyishyuwe mbere
Ivyo bipimo bishingiye ku bipimo vy’ubuhinga bwa none, bishiramwo ikarata IC canke ubuhinga bwo guhanahana amakuru bukoreshwa n’amajwi y’iradiyo (RF), ivyo bikaba bituma ababikoresha bashobora kugura amashanyarazi imbere y’uko bayakoresha no gukoresha ubuhinga bwo gukingira amashanyarazi.
2.Ibipimo vy'imikorere myinshi-
Uretse ugupima inguvu z’ishimikiro, ivyo bipimo biratanga kandi isesengura ry’ibintu bihuye, imibare y’ivyo umuntu asaba, n’ugupima amakosa, ivyo bikaba bituma bibereye abakoresha mu nganda no mu bucuruzi.
3.Ibipimo vy'ubwenge
Amametero y’ubwenge ni ubuhinga bushasha bw’amametero y’ubuhinga bwa none, bushiramwo ubuhinga bwa Internet y’Ibintu (IoT) kugira ngo bufashe mu guhanahana amakuru mu buryo bubiri-, inyishu y’igiciro c’amashanyarazi mu gihe nyaco-, n’ugucungera uruja n’uruza rw’amashanyarazi.
Icegeranyo
Igishushanyo c’imiterere y’ibipimo vy’amashanyarazi carateye imbere bivanye n’iterambere ry’ubuhinga, kuva ku bipimo vy’amashini gushika ku bipimo vy’ubuhinga bwa none gushika ku bipimo vy’ubwenge. Ingingo ngenderwako zabo nyamukuru zamye ari ugupima neza, gukoresha mu buryo bwizigirwa be n’ugucungera neza. Mu gihe kizoza, n’iterambere rya Internet y’Inguvu, ibipimo vy’amashanyarazi bizorushiriza gushiramwo ubwenge bukorano n’ugusesangura amakuru manini, bibe ibice nyamukuru mu ruzitiro rw’amashanyarazi. Gutahura imiterere y’ibipimo vy’amashanyarazi ntivyorosha gusa gucungera no gutorera umuti ingorane, ariko kandi birashinga umushinge wo kwubaka uburyo bushasha bwo gukoresha amashanyarazi.