Ivyuma bipima amashanyarazi vy'inzira imwe-ni ibikoresho bihambaye cane mu gupima amashanyarazi no gucunga uko abakoresha bakoresha. Ugutahura kwavyo n’ukwizigirwa kwavyo biragira ingaruka zitaziguye ku butungane bwo gutanga amafaranga y’amashanyarazi no ku mutekano w’ibikorwa vy’uruja n’uruza rw’amashanyarazi.Kugira ngo umurongo w’amashanyarazi ukore neza igihe kirekire, wongere ubuzima bw’imetero, kandi ugabanye ibiharuro vy’ugusenyuka, ingingo zo gucungera amashanyarazi zishingiye ku buhinga kandi zishingiye ku vyiyumviro ni ngirakamaro. Iki kiganiro kiradondora uburyo bwo gucungera umuyagankuba ku musi ku musi, ingorane zisanzwe, n’imiti y’ibipimo vy’amashanyarazi vy’inzira imwe- kugira ngo bifashe abakoresha n’abakozi bajejwe gucunga amashanyarazi gucungera neza ibipimo vyabo.
Uburyo bwo gusanasana buri musi ibipimo vy'umuyagankuba vy'inzira imwe-
1. Gusukura ubudasiba
Iyo umuntu akoresheje igihe kirekire, igikoresho co gupima, ibice vy’imbere n’ivyo yerekana birashobora kwirundanira inkungugu, amavuta canke ubukonje, bikaba bigira ico bikoze ku gusoma gutomoye no ku gukwiragira kw’ubushuhe bw’ibihimba vyo mu mutima. Rero, igipimo gikwiye gusukurwa ubudasiba (birakenewe ko gisukurwa buri kwezi kwa gatatu canke buri gice-umwaka):
• Hanagura neza igikapu maze ukigaragaze ukoresheje uburoso bwumye kandi buyoroshe canke n’igitambaro gitose gatoyi (kidashobora gutwara umuriro).
• Niwirinde gukoresha ibintu biva mu bimera (nk’inzoga canke amavuta ya peteroli) canke ibintu bishobora gusukura kugira ngo ntivyonone igikapu canke ikigaragaza.
• Niba hariho ivyuka canke inkungugu vyirundaniye ku bipimo, bisukure mu bugwaneza n’igikoresho co gusukura c’umuyagankuba canke n’igikoresho co gusukura ipampa gifise inzoga-kugira ngo bifatanye neza.
2. Suzuma ama Terminale
Ivyuma bipfutse canke bifise oxide biri ku gipimo birashobora gutuma umuntu adakora neza, akagira ubushuhe bwinshi, eka mbere akagira n’ingorane. Ukwitaho bikwiye kubamwo:
• Suzuma ko ivyuma vyinjira n’ibisohoka bifatanye, ubikomeze ku buryo bitegekanijwe ukoresheje urufunguruzo rw’umuvuduko nimba bikenewe.
• Suzuma ibice vy’inyuma kugira ngo ubone ibimenyetso vy’uguturika-in, uguhinduka kw’umubiri, canke verdigris. Niba hariho, nushire ahabona canke usubirizeho igice c’ibarabara.
• Urabe neza ko amawaya ataco yononekaye canke ngo ashaje, kandi ko n’ivyuma bizikingira biguma bimeze neza kugira ngo ntihagire ingorane yo guca mu nzira ngufi canke gusohoka.
3. Ihweze uko ibikorwa bimeze
Mu gihe ukoresha buri musi, witwararike uko igipimo gikora, harimwo:
• Igikoresho co kwerekana: Suzuma ko igikoresho co kuri digitale gitomoye kandi ko ata mirongo ibuze, ata bimenyetso bica ibibatsi canke vyirabura.
• Itara ryerekana uko riri: Amametero amwe amwe arafise itara ry’impumuro canke itara ryerekana ivy’itumanaho. Raba incuro zica ibibatsi kugira ngo umenye neza ko zihuye n’ingene zikora mu buryo busanzwe.
• Amajwi adasanzwe: Igipima inguvu gikora mu buryo busanzwe ntigikwiye gutanga amajwi adasanzwe. Ijwi ryose ry’uguhuha canke ry’ugusohoka ryoshobora kwerekana ko hari ikintu co mu mutima kidakora neza kandi bisaba ko hakorwa itohoza ryihuse.
4. Guhindura ibidukikije no kubibungabunga
Ivyuma bipima umuyagankuba bishirwa mu masandugu yo gutanga canke mu masandugu y’ibipimo. Ivyo bakoreramwo bikwiye kuba bihuye n’ibi bikurikira:
• Ubushuhe n’Ubukonje: Niwirinde gushiramwo umuco w’izuba, ubushuhe bwinshi (burenga degre 50 ), canke ahantu hari ubukonje (ubukonje burenze 85%). Gushiraho ingingo zo kwikingira nimba bikenewe.
• Ukwirinda guhungabana kw’umuyagankuba: Gumana kure y’ibikoresho vy’umuyagankuba bifise ubushobozi bwinshi-, ama transformateur, n’ibindi bikoresho bifise ubushobozi bukomeye bw’umuyagankuba kugira ngo wirinde uguhungabana kw’umuyagankuba n’amakosa yo gupima.
• Gusohora umwuka no gukuraho ubushuhe: Nubone ko umwuka uhagije uhagaze hirya no hino y’igipimo c’inguvu kugira ngo ntihagire ubushuhe bwirundanira bushobora gutuma ibihimba vyo mu mutima bidakora neza.
Gupima n'ugusuzuma ibihe vy'ibipimo vy'umuyagankuba vy'inzira imwe-
1. Gupima ibihe
Dushingiye ku ngingo ngenderwako z'igihugu zijanye n'ivyo (nk'iyi "JJG 596-2012 Uburyo bwo kugenzura ibipimo vy'amashanyarazi vy'ubuhinga bwa none"), ibipimo vy'amashanyarazi vy'inzira imwe muri rusangi bisaba gupimwa mu bihe bitandukanye:
•Ibipimo vy’inzira imwe-vyo mu nzu: Gupima canke guhinduranya bikenewe muri rusangi inyuma y’imyaka 6-8.
•Ibipimo vy’ubudandaji canke vy’inganda vy’inzira imwe-: Bivanye n’ingene bikoreshwa n’ibidukikije, bishobora gusaba ko umuntu akoresha igihe gito co gupima (nk’imyaka 3-5).
Gupima birimwo ukuri kw’ingero, ugutangura kw’amashanyarazi, n’ugupima ugukwegakwega kugira ngo umenye neza ko igipimo gihuye n’ingingo mfatirwako z’igihugu.
2. Gutahura ikosa
Iyo uwukoresha akeka ko igipimo ciwe kitari co, arashobora gusaba ko igisata kijejwe gutanga amashanyarazi kimusuzuma. Impamvu zisanzwe zitera amakosa ni:
• Gukura kw’ibice bitewe n’ugukoreshwa igihe kirekire-, nk’ugusenyuka kw’igice co gupima canke igikoresho co gufata ivyerekanwa.
• Ibintu biva hanze, nk’ugutera kw’imiravyo be n’uguhinduka kw’umuriro, birashobora gutuma umuntu adashobora gupima neza. • Guhindura canke guhindura ata wemerewe, nk’uguca bugufi ku coil iriho ubu canke guhindura porogarama (bitemewe n’amategeko).
Amakosa asanzwe n'umuti
1. Igipima ntikiriko kirasoma canke kiriko kirapima mu buryo budasanzwe
• Ibishobora gutuma: Umurongo ucitse, umuhinduzi w’amashanyarazi akora nabi, igice c’imbere c’umuriro c’imbere c’umuriro c’imbere c’umuriro c’umuriro c’umuriro.
• Umuti: Suzuma ko umurongo winjira ufise amashanyarazi maze ugenzure ko umuzigo ari usanzwe. Nimba ubuhinga bwo gupima butarakora inyuma yo gukuraho ibintu vyo hanze, bwira igisata kijejwe gutanga amashanyarazi kugira ngo bagusubirize canke bagusanure.
2. Ikigaragaza ni ubusa canke kigaragaza umwandiko uhindutse
• Ivyo bishobora gutuma: Amashanyarazi arazimangana, ikigaragaza cononekaye, igice c’itumanaho kidakora neza.
• Umuti: Suzuma umuriro w’amashanyarazi (kenshi 57.7V canke 220V). Iyo umuriro uri mu buryo busanzwe ariko igicapo kikaba kiri ubusa, birakenewe ko umuntu asanura n’abahinga.
3. Gushuha cane canke guturika-inyuma y'ibice vy'inyuma
• Impamvu zishobora kuba: Gukorana nabi, igice c’umurongo w’umusaraba -gifise ubunini buke, umuzigo urenze urugero.
• Umuti: Ubwo nyene uce umuyagankuba, usuzume aho amabarabara afatanya, hanyuma usubirizeho amawaya canke amabarabara n’ibice binini vy’umusaraba-niba bikenewe.
Kubungabunga ibipimo vy’umuyagankuba vy’inzira imwe-ni ikintu gihambaye cane kugira ngo ibipimo bibe vyiza kandi bikoreshwe neza. Gusukura ubudasiba, gusuzuma amashanyarazi, no kugenzura ingene ikora be n’ingene ibidukikije bigenzurwa birashobora gutuma iyo metero imara igihe kirekire kandi bikagabanya ingorane zo gusenyuka. Ikindi, gupima ubudasiba no gufata ku gihe ibintu bidasanzwe bituma habaho ugupima neza n’ugukora neza kw’uruzitiro. Abatari-abahinga bakwiye guca babwira igisata c’amashanyarazi canke abakozi b’abahinga bo gusanasana iyo bahuye n’amakosa akomeye kugira ngo birinde ingorane zishobora guterwa n’ugusenyura.