Kubera ko ari co gikoresho nyamukuru co gupima amazi mu gucunga neza amazi, ibipimo vy’amazi vyama bikora vyinshi kuruta kwandika gusa ingene amazi akoreshwa. Ugukurikirana kw'abantu gukomeye kw'ikoreshwa ry'amazi mu buryo bwa siyansi ubutunzi. Mu gihe ca none c’uguhuza ubuhinga n’ubuhinga, akamaro ka siyansi k’ibipimo vy’amazi karagutse gushika ku bintu vyinshi, harimwo ugukurikirana umutungo, isuzuma ry’ibidukikije, n’uburongozi bw’imibano, bica bihinduka urufatiro ruhambaye ruhuza inyifato y’ugukoresha amazi ku rugero ruto -n’ingene amazi akoreshwa ku rugero runini.
Ishingiro rya siyansi ryo gupima neza: Kuva ku manza z'ivyashikiye abantu gushika ku gusesangura ivy'ingero
Igihe imiryango y'uburimyi ya kera yizigira amasoko y'amazi kavukire, iciyumviro kitari co c'uko "amazi asabwa" ni co cari gihambaye mu gukoresha amazi. Ariko rero, ugutera imbere kw’inganda n’ugutera imbere kw’ibisagara vyahinduye cane iyo nzira y’ubwenge. Kuza kw’ibipimo vy’amazi, ku ncuro ya mbere, vyatanze ibimenyamenya vy’ingero vy’inyifato y’umuntu yo gukoresha amazi-akoresheje ingingo ngenderwako z’umubiri nk’uguhinduranya kw’ivyuma, uguhinduka kw’ivyuma, canke uguhindura amazi ataboneka mu bimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none bishobora gusomwa. Ubwo bushobozi bwo gupima neza si ikintu gikenewe gusa mu buryo bw’ubuhinga bwo gutanga amafaranga y’amazi, ariko kandi ni ibuye ry’imfuruka ry’ugucungera neza ubutunzi bw’amazi mu buryo bwa siyansi. Nk’akarorero, mu bijanye n’ikoreshwa ry’amazi mu rugo, amakuru y’ibipimo vy’amazi arashobora gufasha abashakashatsi gusuzuma isano riri hagati y’ingeso zitandukanye zo mu buzima (nk’igihe umuntu amara yiyuhagira n’ingene akoresha imashini yo gumesa) n’ingene akoresha amazi. Ku rwego rw’igenamigambi ry’ibisagara, kugereranya amakuru ava ku bipimo vy’akarere n’ivyo mu ngo birashobora kwerekana ibimenyetso nyamukuru nk’ibipimo vy’amazi asohoka mu mirongo y’imiyoboro n’ugusangira neza amazi.
Amaterambere mu vy’ubuhinga bwo gupima amazi yo muri iki gihe yaratumye habaho ugutera imbere mu bijanye n’ugupima amazi ata co bihinduye. Impanuro mpuzamakungu R49, yateguwe n’ishirahamwe mpuzamakungu ry’ubuhinga bwo gupima amazi (OIML), isobanura neza ikosa ryinshi ryemewe ku bipimo vy’amazi vyo mu nzu (mu bisanzwe ±2% gushika kuri ±5%), mu gihe ibipimo vy’amazi vyo mu laboratwari-vy’agaciro kanini-bishobora mbere gushika ku makosa ±in measurement1. Ukwo gupima amazi gushobora gukoreshwa mu buryo butaziguye mu bushakashatsi bwa siyansi: abahinga mu vy’amazi bakoresha amakuru y’uruja n’uruza rw’igihe kirekire kugira ngo bubake uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi mu bisagara, abahinga mu vy’ibidukikije bakoresha isesengura ry’ibipimo vy’amazi mu karere k’amazi kugira ngo bakurikirane ingene amazi yo mu butaka akoreshwa cane, ku bihe bikomeye cane (nk’ugutonyanga bukwi na bukwi kw’amazi akoreshwa mu gihe c’amapfa be n’ugutera imbere kw’umuzigo w’imiyoboro mu gihe c’imvura ibihe vy’umwaka). Umupaka mu kugenzura umutungo n'ubuhinga bw'ibidukikije
Kubera ubukene bw’amazi buriko buragwira kw’isi yose, ibipimo vy’amazi vyacitse ibikoresho bihambaye cane mu bijanye n’ugukurikirana ibidukikije. Ivyuma bipima amazi vy’ubwenge birungika amakuru y’igihe nyaco-ku bipimo vyinshi, nk’uruja n’uruza, umuvuduko, n’ubushuhe, bitanga isoko y’amakuru y’agaciro kanini-ku bijanye n’isuzuma ry’ubutunzi bw’amazi. Nk’akarorero, mu gusuzuma ukuntu amakuru y’ibipimo vy’amazi ahinduka ku musi ava mu kibanza c’inganda, abajejwe gukingira ibidukikije barashobora kumenya amazi mabi asohoka mu buryo butemewe n’amategeko. Kugereranya ibiharuro vy’ibipimo hagati y’ibipimo vy’amazi binjira mu bidengeri n’ibipimo vy’amazi yo mu ruzi rwo hasi birashobora kugereranya amazi nyayo akoreshwa mu gufumbira uburimyi. Mbere no mu gucunga uruzi rujabuka imbibe, ibihugu vyo hejuru n’ivyo hasi birashobora guhanahana uburenganzira bw’amazi buringaniye mu gusangira amakuru y’ibipimo ku bibanza nyamukuru.
Ikindi gihambaye, ni uko ugushiramwo amakuru y’ibipimo vy’amazi n’ubuhinga nk’ubuhinga bwo kumenya ivy’ubutaka (GIS) n’ubuhinga bwo gupima kure bukoresheje inyenyeri z’ikirere, biriko birazana ubuhinga bushasha mu vy’ubuhinga bw’amazi. Abashakashatsi bariko barakoresha ubuhinga bwo kwiga n’imashini kugira ngo bashobore gukora amakuru menshi cane yerekeye ibipimo vy’amazi, bagashobora kumenya neza igihe amazi azokoreshwa cane mu bisagara bitandukanye no gutuma amazi akoreshwa neza kugira ngo bagabanye inguvu zikoreshwa. Bafatanije n’amakuru y’ibipimo vy’ubukonje bw’ubutaka, barashobora kandi gutegura uburyo bwo kwigana amazi yo hejuru-y’amazi yo mu butaka kugira ngo batange imburi y’ubuhinga imbere y’igihe ku bijanye n’ukugabanya urugero rw’amazi yo mu butaka. Ivyo bikoresho ntibituma gusa amazi akoreshwa neza, ariko kandi biratanga ubufasha mu vy’ubuhinga bwo gushika ku ntego z’iterambere riramvye kw’isi yose (nk’Intego y’Iterambere Riramvye y’Isi Yose 6: Amazi meza n’Isuku).
Ikiraro hagati y'uburongozi bw'imibano n'ugufata ingingo z'ubuhinga-
Insobanuro ya siyansi y’ibipimo vy’amazi iraboneka kandi mu ngaruka zigira ku nyifato y’abantu. Iyo abakoresha bashobora kubona ingene bakoresha amazi mu gihe nyaco biciye ku bikoresho vy’ubwenge, ivyo bisubizo bigaragara birashobora guhindura cane ingeso zabo zo gukoresha amazi. Ivyigwa vyerekanye ko gushiramwo igipimo c’amazi gifise ubushobozi bwo kwerekana igihe nyaco-bishobora kugabanya amazi umuntu akoresha ku musi ku musi ku rugero rwa 10%-15%. Uwo mubano w'inyifato runtu uhindura amakuru ya siyansi mu buryo butuma abantu bose bagira uruhara, bigatuma habaho ukwiyumvikana ku "gukangurira abantu ku bijanye n'amazi, kubungabunga amazi no kuyakingira."
Ku rugero rwa macro-, amakuru y’ibipimo vy’amazi ni ishingiro ry’ishimikiro ryo gutegura politike ya Leta yerekeye amazi. Mu gusuzuma imiterere y’ikoreshwa ry’amazi mu nzego zitandukanye (nk’inganda, uburimyi, n’ibikorwa), abafata ingingo-barashobora gushinga imipaka ibereye ku mazi yose akoreshwa. Mu kugereranya amakuru y’akahise n’ingene abantu bariko baragwira, barashobora gutegura imbere y’igihe imigambi yo kwagura amazi. Mbere no mu gihe c’ibintu vyihutirwa vya bose (nk’ugucika kw’imiyoboro n’uguhumana kw’isoko y’amazi), amakuru adasanzwe ava ku rubuga rw’ibipimo vy’amazi arashobora gushika ku nyishu y’umunota-ku-umunota. Ubu buryo bwa siyansi bwo gufata ingingo-, bushingiye ku makuru y’ivyashikiye abantu, buragabanya cane igiciro c’igerageza-n’amakosa-mu gucunga umutungo w’amazi kandi bugatuma iyo nzira ishobora gukomera no kugumaho.
Kuva ku gukorana neza kw’ibikoresho vy’ubuhinga gushika ku gutanga ibimenyetso vy’ubuhinga bwa none ata nsinga, ibipimo vy’amazi vyamye ari igikoresho abantu bakoresha mu gutohoza amabanga y’ubutunzi bw’amazi. Uretse ko ari igikoresho co gupima uruja n’uruza rw’amazi, ahubwo birakora nk’ihuriro hagati y’ugutahura kwa siyansi n’ibikorwa ngirakamaro. Mu kwandika neza inzira itonde ryose ry’amazi rigenda, ibipimo vy’amazi biradufasha gutahura amategeko y’ibidukikije, gutuma ubutunzi bugabanywa neza, no kwubaka ikibano gihuye hagati y’abantu n’amazi. Mu gihe kizoza, n’ugushiramwo cane Internet y’ibintu, amakuru manini, n’ubuhinga bw’ubwenge bukorano, ibipimo vy’amazi bizobandanya kwagura imbibe zavyo z’ubuhinga kandi bibe urudodo rw’ubwenge rudakenewe mu gucunga neza ubutunzi bw’amazi kw’isi yose.